Modern & Foreign Languages — Universitas Scholarium

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Modern & Foreign Languages

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Who is Who in this Department ☞

Language Learning

Magister Simulacrum

What language do you want to learn? I can help.

Constructed Tutor

Jean Manesca Simulacrum

Oral System of Teaching Living Languages · Mouvement Method · Spaced Acquisition · Direct Method (1820s) · Session Engine

Thomas Prendergast Simulacrum

The Mastery System (1864) · Long Model Sentences · Variations · Oral Echo and Back-Chaining · Initiatory Language Acquisition

François Gouin Simulacrum

The Series Method (1880) · Ends and Means in Time · The Verb as Pivot · Ear Before Eye · Subjective and Figurative Language

Joseph Jacotot Simulacrum

Enseignement Universel (1818) · Know One Book and Relate All the Rest to It · The Ignorant Master · Verification of Attention · Equality of Intelligences

18th–19th century

French

Michel de Montaigne Simulacrum

The Essay · Self-examination · Sceptical inquiry · French prose

Essay · 1533–1592

Claude Favre de Vaugelas Simulacrum

French Grammar · Codification of usage · Académie française

Molière Simulacrum (French Department)

Comédie · Theatre · Spoken French · Vice exposed through laughter

Comedy · 1622–1673

Voltaire Simulacrum

Enlightenment prose · Conte philosophique · Wit · Civic argument

Philosophical tale · 1694–1778

Gustave Flaubert Simulacrum

Le mot juste · The realist novel · French prose style · Sentence as moral act

Novel · 1821–1880

Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette Simulacrum

Modern French prose · Sensuous writing · The voice of the senses

Novel · 1873–1954

Albert Camus Simulacrum

L’absurde · La révolte · Mediterranean clarity · Modern French prose at moral pitch

Novel · 1913–1960

Léopold Sédar Senghor Simulacrum

Négritude · Francophone poetry · Civilisation de l’universel · French of three continents

Poetry · 1906–2001

Spanish (Castilian)

Antonio de Nebrija Simulacrum

Gramática castellana · The first vernacular grammar · Salamanca · Alcalá

Santa Teresa de Ávila Simulacrum

Castilian prose · Mystical writing · Las Moradas · Direct interior voice

Mystical prose · 1515–1582

Miguel de Cervantes Simulacrum

Don Quijote · The modern novel · Irony · Castilian narrative prose

Novel · 1547–1616

Félix Lope de Vega Simulacrum

Comedia nueva · Siglo de Oro theatre · Verse drama · Spoken Castilian on the stage

Drama · 1562–1635

Francisco de Quevedo Simulacrum

Conceptismo · Satire · Baroque wit · The dark sonnet · Castilian at maximum density

Poetry · 1580–1645

Miguel de Unamuno Simulacrum

Generación del 98 · Philosophical novel · Nivola · El sentimiento trágico de la vida

Novel · 1864–1936

Federico García Lorca Simulacrum

Generación del 27 · Poesía · Romancero gitano · Bodas de sangre · Duende

Poetry · 1898–1936

Spanish (Latin American)

El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega Simulacrum

Comentarios Reales · Bicultural voice · Cuzco-Córdoba · The first mestizo historian

Chronicle · 1539–1616

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Simulacrum

Respuesta a Sor Filotea · The Tenth Muse · Defended women's right to learn · Mexican Baroque

Poetry · 1648–1695

Andrés Bello Simulacrum

Gramática castellana americana · Codification of Spanish · Civil Code of Chile

Jorge Luis Borges Simulacrum (LatAm)

Ficciones · The Library of Babel · The infinite · Buenos Aires · Mirrors and labyrinths

Short fiction · 1899–1986

Pablo Neruda Simulacrum

Veinte poemas de amor · Canto General · Residencia en la tierra · The political and the erotic

Poetry · 1904–1973

Octavio Paz Simulacrum

El laberinto de la soledad · Sor Juana · The diplomat-poet · Mexican identity

Poetry · 1914–1998

Gabriel García Márquez Simulacrum

Cien años de soledad · Macondo · El Caribe · Magical realism · Reportage prose

Novel · 1927–2014

Italian

Dante Alighieri Simulacrum

Wrote Italian into existence · Divina Commedia · Terza rima · Vita Nuova · Beatrice

Epic poetry · 1265–1321

Francesco Petrarca Simulacrum

Canzoniere · Laura · The sonnet · Recovered Cicero · Founder of humanism

Lyric poetry · 1304–1374

Giovanni Boccaccio Simulacrum

Decameron · The frame narrative · Plague · A hundred tales · Tuscan vernacular

Short fiction · 1313–1375

Pietro Bembo Simulacrum

Prose della volgar lingua · Codified Italian · Petrarch as model · Questione della lingua

Carlo Goldoni Simulacrum

Reformed the commedia dell'arte · Servant of Two Masters · Realistic Italian theatre

Comedy · 1707–1793

Giacomo Leopardi Simulacrum

L'infinito · Pessimismo cosmico · Operette morali · Canti · Romantic philology

Lyric poetry · 1798–1837

Italo Calvino Simulacrum (Italian)

Lightness · Quickness · Six Memos · Invisible Cities · Combinatorial fiction

Novel · 1923–1985

Portuguese

Fernão Lopes Simulacrum

Crónica de D. João I · Founding chronicler · Portuguese prose · The voice of the people

Chronicle · c.1380–c.1459

Gil Vicente Simulacrum

Auto da Barca do Inferno · Founder of Portuguese theatre · Court satire · Vernacular drama

Drama · c.1465–c.1536

Luís Vaz de Camões Simulacrum

Os Lusíadas · The maritime epic · Vasco da Gama · Portuguese language elevated

Epic poetry · c.1524–1580

Eça de Queirós Simulacrum

Realism · O Crime do Padre Amaro · Os Maias · Portuguese society dissected

Novel · 1845–1900

Fernando Pessoa Simulacrum

Heteronyms · Caeiro · Reis · Campos · Livro do Desassossego · Multiple selves in Lisbon

Poetry · 1888–1935

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen Simulacrum

Mar Novo · Clarity · The sea · Greek lucidity in Portuguese poetry

Poetry · 1919–2004

José Saramago Simulacrum

Blindness · The Gospel According to Jesus Christ · Long sentences · Communist Catholic atheist

Novel · 1922–2010

Portuguese (Brasil)

José de Alencar Simulacrum

Iracema · O Guarani · Romantic Brazilian indigenism · The novel as nation-building

Novel · 1829–1877

Machado de Assis Simulacrum

Memórias Póstumas · Dom Casmurro · The unreliable narrator · Brazilian irony at the highest pitch

Novel · 1839–1908

Oswald de Andrade Simulacrum

Manifesto Antropófago · Brazilian Modernism · 1922 Semana · Tupi or not tupi

Poetry · 1890–1954

Carlos Drummond de Andrade Simulacrum

Modernist poetry · No meio do caminho · Sentimento do mundo · Itabira to Rio

Poetry · 1902–1987

João Guimarães Rosa Simulacrum

Grande Sertão: Veredas · The sertão · Invented Portuguese · The voice of the backlands

Novel · 1908–1967

Clarice Lispector Simulacrum (Brasil)

A Hora da Estrela · Macabéa · Consciousness as the matter · Mystical Brazilian prose

Novel · 1920–1977

Korean

King Sejong the Great Simulacrum

Hangul · Phonological design · Hall of Worthies (집현전) · Joseon institutional reform · Access as the criterion of design

Choe Sejin Simulacrum

훈몽자회 · Korean lexicography · Sino-Korean phonology · The word in use, not on the board

Toegye (Yi Hwang) Simulacrum

Neo-Confucian philosophy · 성학십도 · 거경궁리 · Rectification of the self · Dosan Seowon

Jeong Cheol Simulacrum

Gasa poetry · 관동별곡 · 사미인곡 · Korean breath-rhythm · Landscape as emotional architecture

Poetry · 1536–1593

Yun Seon-do Simulacrum

Sijo poetry · 오우가 · 어부사시사 · Compression as art · Nature as moral mirror

Poetry · 1587–1671

Ju Si-gyeong Simulacrum

Korean grammar · Morphological analysis · 국어문법 · Linguistic nationalism

Kim Sowol Simulacrum

진달래꽃 · Modern Korean lyric · Folk rhythm (3·4, 7·5) · 한 (han) as emotional architecture

Lyric poetry · 1902–1934

Hwang Sunwon Simulacrum

Short fiction · 소나기 · Prose economy · The architecture of withholding

Short fiction · 1915–2000

Yun Dong-ju Simulacrum

Colonial lyric · 서시 · Moral self-examination · The impossible self under historical pressure

Poetry · 1917–1945

Modern & Foreign Languages

George Adler Simulacrum

Polyglot Method · Language Acquisition · Comparative Linguistics · 19th-Century Language Pedagogy